The glorification of startup culture refers to the belief that people should try to found their own companies instead of pursuing traditional career paths. This is particularly prevalent in the tech industry, driven by the success of many startup companies such as Uber, AirBnB, and Twitter.

Common law is a system of law in which the law is composed of legislation and judicial decisions in which judges have ruled how certain law should be interpreted (for example, in the United States in the case Obergefell v. Hodges the supreme court ruled that the 14th amendment of the constitution of the United States protects the right of gay people to marry. This ruling is now law unless overturned by the courts, and means that the government cannot prevent gay people from marrying). Civil law refers to a system of law in which the law is only composed of legislation passed by the government. In Canada, the federal government and all of the provinces except Quebec us a common law system, while Quebec uses primarily a civil law.

The college of cardinals is an institution in the catholic church composed of 239 cardinals. To become a cardinal, a member of the clergy (almost all Bishops) are appointed directly by the pope and hold the title for their entire life. The primary role of a cardinal is to elect a new pope following the death or resignation of the current pope. Currently, there are 132 Cardinals who are eligible to elect the pope. In the status quo, the pope is selected in a private gathering of the cardinals (called a conclave) in which they decide amongst themselves who the next pope will be. The process of the conclave is secret, and the cardinals do not communicate with the outside world until a new pope is chosen. While technically any catholic man is eligible to be pope, since 1379 every pope has been chosen from the college of cardinals.

Geoengineering is the deliberate large-scale manipulation of an environmental process that affects the earth's climate, in an attempt to counteract the effects of global warming. Carbon capture and proposals to block part of the sun's light in order to reduce the amount of heat that makes it to the surface of the earth are examples of geoengineering.

Justin Trudeau is the leader of the center-left Liberal party of Canada, he has been Prime Minister of Canada since the Liberals won a majority government in 2015.  The incumbent Liberal party is currently trailing in the polls, with the center right Conservative Party of Canada polling at a 99% chance of victory, the next election is scheduled to take place in October 2025.